Lens compression doesn't have anything to do with lenses. It's about where you are.
If two things are 10 feet apart, but you're 500 feet away, they look pretty much the same distance away from you. That is, they appear really close to one another. On the other hand, if you're 5 feet from the nearer thing, then the farther one is three times as far from you as the nearer one; the farther one is "much further away" even though the two objects in question have not moved — you have.
Lens focal length only comes in to play because to photograph something 500 feet away you usually want to use a pretty long lens.
The cautionary tale is this: you can't actually tell how far apart things are from just a photo. You can sometimes tell ratios if you know how big things are (e.g. two people are usually about the same size): this thing is so-and-so further from the camera than that thing. If you then have one or more of several measurements, you can calculate the rest them, but without any actual measurements all you have is ratios.
Here are two photos I made just now:
In both cases the tiny cake is closer than the eraser. In one of them, though, the cake and the eraser are 6 inches apart, and in the other they are 12 inches apart. The camera is twice as far away for the 12 inch gap, so the same "compression" is accomplished. The ratios between all the distances between this thing and that thing are the same (except, the sharp-eyed might note, the background is a bit off).
While you can, usually, tell from other evidence in the picture that there's some sort of compression effect in play, one cannot a priori tell much about the absolute distances in play without knowing a little more.
In these pictures, the floor underneath the two objects betrays that there is some front-to-back gap between the two. It is possible that a minute examination of the floor texture would allow you to determine that the gap is larger in one case than the other, but in general this cue is at best difficult to read and at worst cropped out of frame entirely.
So when you see someone saying "the cop is 20 feet behind that guy" take it with a grain of salt. "Behind" might be discernible but "20 feet" is probably a wild guess.
The author has confused linear perspective with lens compression, also known as apparent perspective. He is absolutely correct that the relationship of size between two objects is proportional to the distance from the camera. Unfortunately, this does not explain lens compression.
ReplyDeleteLens compression is a perceptual property of an image. It is an effect related to viewing distance and the angular difference between the viewer and the camera system. When the relationship between the angular view of the viewer to the displayed image is the same as the angular view of the camera system is the same, the apparent perspective is considered normal.This is why a normal lens and standard viewing distance are both defined as the same as the diagonal of the image area. When the angular view is greater in the camera system then in the viewing conditions, then the apparent perspective increases, meaning the sense of space increases. When the angular view is less in the camera system than in the the viewing conditions, then the apparent perspective is less, this is usually described as compression. The two usual states are usually obvious with image made by wide-angle and telephoto lenses.
But as the author clearly demonstrate, the viewing distance creates the effect of compress. When two images are displayed with identical angular dimensions for both the taking and viewing distances, the apparent perspective is equal. The confusion comes by trying to use linear relationships in linear perspective to disprove an perceptual property defined by angular relationships. This is well documented in photo science as well as the mathematics in geometric projection. Unfortunately, this rarely makes it outside these disciplines.
You can just say "you" not "the author", it's just me here.
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